Every monoculture breeds biological threats: pests, diseases, fungi that explode in large stands of identical plants. Our project seeks to bring these threats more fully into the history of agriculture: they are not just a specialist issue for exterminators and such – fighting biological threats was a crucial part of modern agriculture that shaped minds, toolsets, and missions. Nowhere was military-style behavior more crucial than in dealing with biological threats, and sooner or later, the men of monoculture came to realize that the war would never end.